Mushroom

“They know I’m coming?”

“Yeah man, you said you were interested, so I told them to count you in,” said Paul.

Felt more confident a couple weeks ago when he asked, recent flare, have been trying to eat plain foods.

“I haven’t seen them much this spring, and I don’t think I have anything to contribute.”

“Don’t worry about it man. They think we’re good candidates to live in the EcoHouse when we’re upperclassmen, and then we’ll pass down the favor.”

Didn’t have too much trouble this morning…

“I thought I saw on the forecast that it was supposed to rain.”

Finally rid of my winter cold, lagging immune system. “It did this morning for a bit, cut the humidity, it’s really nice out now, one of those days for taking a walk outside.”

“Who all is coming along for the trip?”

“Emily and Skye are waiting for us out at the Peace Chapel, and Max is gonna join us.”

“What about Ariel and Tara?”

“I’m not sure, I think they’re out at the field station.”

Maybe better, less inhibited.

“What about money? I’m running low on funds for the semester.”

“Don’t worry about it, I don’t think Emily paid for them.”

“And she’s sure that they’re good?”

“Yeah man, they’re the same as ones that they’ve done in the past.”

Unsure about psilocybin interaction with my medications, couldn’t find info on Erowid, only said not to mix with anti-depressants. More than a week since my last injection, shouldn’t be too heavy in my system now. Still, side effects include dizziness and nausea…

“Ahhh, I’m not sure…”

“Skye even brewed some of them into tea.”

“Really? And they still work?”

“Yep, he said you just have to brew them slowly.”

Easier to digest if the fiber is broken down.

“That’s cool, probably tastes better.”

“Well, you don’t have to decide right now, it’s finally nice out, snow’s all melted, come thaw yourself. I’ve got a couple joints if you just want to smoke those. Anyway, they’re waiting for us.”

Haven’t been outside much.

“Uhh, should I bring anything?”

“A water bottle maybe, though I’ve got one we can split, and maybe a sweatshirt for later.”

“We’re not going too far, right? Just to Peace Chapel?”

“Yea, but then we’ll go to find a trail or something. I think they have a couple hammocks, we might make a campfire out at Max’s hut when it gets dark.”

“Are you gonna camp? I’m gonna come back at some point.”

“I’m not sure, just gonna go with the flow, you can always walk back.”

Supposed to study for Western Civ today, would probably end up playing video games or watching television instead.

“Alright, let’s go for a walk in the woods.”

I took off my PJs, threw on comfy shorts and shirt, and followed Paul outdoors, still cloudy, warm and humid, car pass before we cross College Avenue, off campus into rows of well-kept professor houses, no lawn clutter, gardens with spring flowers, new cars in private driveways.  

“Did you text them to make sure they’re out there?”

“Emily said to meet them at Peace Chapel soon. Cell reception gets shoddy, so that’s why I wanted to get moving.”

Risks involved: medication reaction; digestive cramping; sick stomach anxiety loop; danger of slipping beyond the pale.

“I told myself I’d study for my Western Civ test today…”

“Well, you have all of tomorrow.”

“That’s true.”

Worst that could happen would be getting sent home, easier to manage my health there, and semester’s almost over anyway. I continued to follow Paul over a small bridge above a muddy creek swelled with rain, Rubicon, cross the great water. Up a driveway between backyards where the paved road faded to gravel, past a small parking lot, and onto the shady trail with buds and flowers all around us, almost to the Peace Chapel, whistle from above but not a bird, we looked up to see Skye sitting on a tree limb, wiggling fingers in our direction.

“What’s up guys? Besides me!” with a warm laugh and smile.

“Hey! Good, good, glad to be outside without a jacket.”

“Yeah, no kidding, been a long winter. Excited for today’s adventure?”

“Yesss, time to shake the rust off,” said Paul.

Emily got up from the Peace Chapel, sunny circle of stone, and walked over, greeting us with hugs.

“Hey guys, beautiful day huh? Glad you’re here to spend it with us.”

Skye held on to the branch he was sitting on, turned around and let his feet down below his knees, dropped into a squat landing, then sprung back up towards us and gave us hugs as well.

“I’ve got a present for you, E.T. phone home.”

Skye stuck out his index finger to pass me an inchworm, which arched its body and extended onto my index, bell curve compressing and stretching.

“The game is to get it to walk on each one of your fingers, and then transfer it from thumb to pinky to keep him going around, see how many laps you can get him to do without using your other hand.”

“Isn’t he gonna get tired?”

“Naw, he just hatched from an egg, plenty of energy, he’s looking for food though, so if he stops just leave him on a tree.”

“I’m feeling a little extra energy myself, how are you feeling?” Emily asked Skye.

“Great! Triumph of the guinea pigs, ready for some more.”

They look fine, good sign.

“Yea, so, here, check these out,” she said as she went into her worn rucksack and removed a ziplock bag. “Skye helped me brew these mushrooms into some tea,” she handed them to me to examine: gnarled stems with blue veins and wrinkled blonde caps, dust at the bottom.

“Can I ask where they came from?”

“Yeah, my friend back home has a farm and grows them in her barn, has been doing it for a few years now. I’ve taken them a bunch, they’re a strain called psilocybe cubensis, the golden teacher.”

Dry and stiff, I opened the bag and sniffed the stale bitter scent of fungus, nodded, and gave them back.

“And then Skye ground them up and extracted the psilocybin by steeping them with ginger to make tea. About a cup should be a good dose.”

Inchworm tickling the bottom of my wrist, I put my other hand in its way and it crawled on.

“How much did you brew?”

“A little more than an ounce for the whole pot.” 

Ring to pinky difficult.

“That sounds like a lot, isn’t an eighth a pretty heavy dose?”

“The tea trips are usually more mild, so it’s gonna be less potent. I was actually worried I didn’t make enough for everyone, so I brought the dry shrooms as well.”

Pinky to thumb a little tricky.

“Is anyone else coming?” asked Paul.

“Tara, Ariel, and Eric when they get back from the field station I think, but Max is coming in a little bit, he’s working on his capstone project, he said we should meet over by the shale pit,” said Emily.

Thumb to index easy, like drinking tea.

“That was my idea, not Max’s!” said Skye.

“What’s the idea?” I asked.

“To find some fossils.”

“Fossils?”

“Yeah man, sweet gastropod casts and seashell molds can be found in rock mounds around here.”

“What? Seashells? From an ocean?”

“Yep, they got stuck in the mud at the bottom of the ocean, turned to rock, and then got lifted up into mountains. Hundreds of millions of years ago Appalachia was an island, and then it collided with Africa and formed the mountain range, so there’s some cool stuff to find. If you look hard enough when you’re digging you can see an ancient tectonic collision in a pale blurred line in a rock formation.”

“From when Pangea formed?”

“Yep! And then it broke up again, about a hundred fifty million years later. There are actually parts of the original Appalachian mountain range in Ireland and the Scottish Highlands, so the immigrants that came all the way across the Atlantic Ocean ended up settling on the same old rock formation that they left thousands of miles behind them.”

“Maybe they like living on the fringes of civilization, knew that people wouldn’t bother them if there were mountains to cross,” said Paul.

“At home in the old hills and hollers,” said Emily.

“Oldest in the world, were probably even bigger than the Himalayas at their peak, but they’ve eroded down to stubs over the course of 500 million years or something.”

“What goes up…” said Paul.

“Yeeaaa, pretty trippy huh? So, you guys ready to lose track of time?” asked Skye.

“Are we waiting for Max?” I asked.

“He said to go ahead without him, he’s working on his capstone project, but he’ll meet us soon. I want to be coming down with the sunset though, so I think now is the best time,” said Emily as she went back into her rucksack and pulled out a large mason jar of tea. She popped the lid and showed it to us. Translucent brown with some sediment in the bottom, smells like strange brew.

“It should be pretty tasty,” said Skye, “and I brought some sourdough to help it go down if anyone wants.” Emily pulled the bread out from her bag and gave it to Skye. Skye ripped off a piece of sourdough and gave it to Emily, who chewed it, and then washed it down with slow steady sips from the jar, which she passed to Skye, who swallowed his piece of bread before taking a few sips, and then a large gulp and passed it to Paul, who did the same and passed it to me. I took a piece of bread from Skye, chewed, and tipped the bottle to let a taste hit my tongue, sweet rootspice, fade into faint aftertaste of bitter earth. Not too bad. I took a larger sip.

“It’s pretty good.”

“Have another few sips for a good dose.”

Slow sups, tickle on my palette, infused with an extra energy, or are those my nerves? I handed the jar back to Emily, who put it back into her rucksack, still some left for latecomers.

“So I was thinking we’d do the loop trail while we’re coming up, there’s this one spot I wanna check for morels, and then it’ll be about time to meet Max over by the fossils, that sound good?”

We started walking, Loop Trail wooden sign and a clear sunlit path, a single robin hopping, an orange flutterby vaulting and furling. Humid sweat with each step, damp lowerback, a swirling in my stomach, wavvverberationnn, I stopped, let the inchworm drop next to some dry thistle and prickly thorn, it crawled away into the grass, hands on my knees, grasshopper bbzzzzz their pace slowed ahead, looking back. Late breakfast or the tea? Swirling nerves? grrrrgggnot a nothing. Hope I don’t regret drinking that, mind is moving low… should have used the bathroom before we left, wasn’t thinking, have to go back, immediate truth of the symptom.

“Hey, you good?”

“Yeah, I forgot to use the bathroom before we left, I’m just gonna run back real quick.”

“A little upset stomach is part of the experience, it’ll pass, don’t worry about it.”

“I’ve really gotta go though. I’ll be okay, back in twenty minutes and I’ll come find you guys.”

“Do you want me to come with you?” asked Paul.

“Nah, don’t worry about it, I just wanna use the bathroom real quick and come back.”

“I don’t think you should head back right now man, you’re gonna come up soon,” said Skye.

“How long you think?”

“In thirty minutes or so you’ll definitely be feeling it, why don’t you just find a tree.”

“I just need the bathroom and then I’ll be fine, I’ll jog it.”

“Maybe you should walk back to the EcoHouse so there’s no chance you have to run into an RA or public safety or something…”

“It’s alright, nothing conspicuous about going to the bathroom. I won’t interact with anyone.”

“Here, take my sunglasses, that way you don’t have to make eye contact with anyone, they’ll just think you’re being weird, which is what college kids do anyway,” said Emily.

She looks worried, making me nervous, should be fine. Have my headphones, straight to the bathroom and back, don’t get distracted.

“Ha, yeah, say, what’s this guy doing tramping through my backyard? Oh it’s just a college kid thinking about shit,” said Skye.

“Okay, we’re gonna walk the loop this way, when you come back just walk the trail in the other direction and you’ll find us,” said Emily.

“If you’re not back when we complete the loop I’m gonna come find you,” said Paul.

“I’ll be fast.”

I turned away and jogged down the hill, hope they don’t think I’m scared, I’ll be fine, just have to keep myself oriented, navigate without Paul by following the signs. Out of the forest, STOP octagon at the end of the trail, look both ways across the two-lane street, couple cars whizzed by, no sidewalk, indispensable guardrail. Rules of the road, coordinate space-time, solid line, don’t pass, life or death, sociological significance is more than superficial. Silhouette of a bounding buck on yellow diamond, deer crossing. Remember the street names to make sure I can get back the same way, corner of Cold Springs and Shadyside AVE. NO OUTLET, back across the wooden bridge. Press…shhrrr… raw feels, slow down, focus inward… stall… gurgle, release, burp. NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME WATCH/WE CALL THE POLICE. Pick up the pace. Turn left on Cassady AVE, an SUV down the block, college cops, sentry defending the institution, provincial outpost of great Rome. Maintain artful concealment, infiltrate without drawing attention. Slow cramp…ppgrrrggll, momentary relief, walk normal now, don’t want them asking if I’m okay, up to the doorm, ID card swipe and enter, scent of subtle fermentation, one kid closing a door down the hallway, no RA’s, continue into the bathroom, tiled floors, empty stall. Have a seat, relax, push gently against pnnnnn contractions of the stomach which cause the ppppnnnNGggg think of something else, sick Caligula, nnnng woke up in denial ggggn claimed immortality, gulp, nausea, coming up… brrrrRRRHhuhp ended the dynasty grrrrgg need to accept rrrrrrgll to endure Ppsshhhnnnggg… til the demons are expelled, Pprrpffrrppffff, bit of blood, away to the sewers. Reliefffphew.  

Up to the sink, wash hands, take off sunglasses, splash my face and look up into the mirror, my glassy essence: cheek bones, might have lost weight, pupils lOOk ok, slightly dilated, can see my veins pulsing, thrum-pum-pum-pum. Better get out of here before someone sees me being. strange

Back in the wallway, dimensions slightly off kilter, lines of perspective where wa||s meet f|oor and cei|ing twisted towards the far threshold with each step forward. 117 in front of me, don’t need anything, have to walk past, can’t go in and get trapped in the cave where shadows run from themselves along cold white walls, stone surface texture of tiny speckled moon craters. Out of the cave through the doors to the world of forms, find Paul and them, head back to the loop trail. 

Outdoor fresh breath of warm spring, huhh hhuh here comes the sun, prying up the clouds lustrous white to summon the first green buds, already see blue sky again, pull back hair to expose scalp and shower in the rays, vitamin D for immune function. Spring rain puddles in uneven pavement, reflecting the sky as they evaporate into it. White, yellow, and purple popping from green: spring beauties, dandelions and violets among the grass and clover next to the grey sidewalk dappled with white pink flower petals fallen from a light breeze, the trees are sweetly blooming: Bradford Pears and Cherry Blossoms imported from Asia, brought Chestnut blight, swollen orange cankers cut off nutrient flow, spores spread, fell the ents of eld. Sprouting front yard gardens, bright pink azalea bushes, bower of Pennsylvania roses, and flowerbeds with bleeding hearts, golden daffodils, grape hyacinth and phlox creeping onto new mowed lawn, fresh scent of distress. Back across the bridge and onto black pavement, up a hill to the gravel driveway, past someone’s backyard and into the trees, can take off the sunglasses now, vivid colors, all these are momentous signatures: leaves and grass, smokestreaked sky, overgrown tool shed: verdant green, argent blue, tawny rust; what do they symbolize? Fertility, divinity, industry. Into the canopy shade as gravel fades to dirt, lightbrown leaves from last fall fraying and crumbling into soil for roots and rhizomes or multiplicity, small stream trickling next to the trail nourishes all things: spiral fiddlehead ferns unfurling, Dame’s rocket, daisies, and aster shining with their own inner light below rhododendron and honeysuckle bushes, everything blossoms forth through cool air pockets perfumed fill up my senses white flowering Dogwood petals and redbuds through their bark among green sycamore, hemlock, walnuts, oaks, elms, and out into the sunny chapel clearing, dirt gives to grass, bush of heady lilac alluring, where’s the other end of the loop? Only walked it once with Paul last fall, maybe this path… bent in the undergrowth, narrowing, trailing off…

nevermind, not this one, turn back into the sun, different path, white rabbit hopping ahead and under a hedge, slope descends into marshy reeds and cattails straddling a saturated sunken path, this seems right, dry step along the raised trailside and hop onto a bridging waterlog, out of the swamp and up a hill, white moth fluttering into the woods, back into the shade, conifer branches tipped with rubbery light green needles, breeze blows cool out of the pines: fuhwooooooshhh… woodpeckckckckccrrreeaakking… limbs, wilting trees, standing dead, some held up by the branches of healthy kin, step over one lying across the trail, crown gall tumor, enough of their own problems, compounded by industrial logging, desolation of the ancient hills, stumppocked, must not cut down, leave the land as you found it, savage salvage forest, white fungus shelves from the rotting bark, mycelium webbing the soil, fibers through the roots and sod, shhchshhchshhch, light leaps chchch… stopped, doe a deer looking at me without blinkers, silent stare, interrogating, apart or a part? Slow steps forward, but she turned, and her white tail bounded away. Keep walking, one foot in front, loose legs, light stomach, am I feeling? a complex wiggliness, sit down for a moment against this tree, grounded with solid backrest, symbiotic huhh hhuh what kind is this? I don’t know. A willow? Can’t identify leaves of prisms blending into each other in front of feather canyons eroded by deep blue flowing, flooding into the foreground, high tide, and fading back before breathing forward and more again huhh hhuh… – – – 

warble spontaneous the wild thickets echo: chirpchirwee qiqiqiqiqi peeeerrewheeeet, chitter chatter wonder what they’re saying but too fast for us to understand. Where are my friends? feel like they should be close, could call Paul… but no bars, off the grid, limits of my language, maybe a text will get through, press which button? At this… T for Tree. Sound-image of this sturdy form, audible to visual, stoned ape synesthesia. Why Tree? Like free in the forest, and capital T is most like a Tree out of all the letters in the alphabet, vertical line is the trunk, horizontal the branches. What about a question mark? Does a question mark look like a question? Is the declarative period on the bottom line a pictorial representation of a ball on firm ground that is being picked up and tossed into the air? Raise your pitch to ask a question, unsure of where it will fall back down. Or might it have been lofted high enough that it will stay suspended on top of the clouds? Like where do we go when we die? To Heaven? Pass over in silence… – – –

Awakening sun beams through the flux of fleeting shades in a circular motion closed in itself onto my gnomonose, brought back by a shock of the multiplicity – – – a hyphen, a connecting link – – –

crnchchchchChChCh, approaching steps… and voices… familiar, my friends, found. Time to get out of your own head, reverse its myth. On your feet, brush butt, and immerse into the repeated refrains of Appalachian spring

“Hey guys.”

“There he is!” said Skye. 

 – – – 

The Lovin’ SpoonfulDaydream

What a day for a daydream
What a day for a daydreamin' boy
And I'm lost in a daydream
Dreamin' 'bout my bundle of joy
And even if time ain't really on my side
It's one of those days for takin' a walk outside
I'm blowin' the day to take a walk in the sun
And fall on my face on somebody's new mowed lawn



Claude Levi-StraussTristes Tropiques

Have we to conclude that, in the opinion of these natives, nothing is to be expected from society? Both institutions and customs seem to them like a mechanism the monotonous functioning of which leaves nothing to chance, luck or ability. They may think that the only means of compelling fate is to venture into those hazardous marginal areas where social norms cease to have any meaning, and where the protective laws and demands of the group no longer prevail; to go right to the frontiers of average, ordered living, to the breaking point of bodily strength and to the extremes of physical and moral suffering. In this unstable border area, there is a danger of slipping beyond the pale and never coming back, as well as a possibility of drawing from the vast ocean of unexploited forces surrounding organized society a personal supply of power, thanks to which he who has risked all can hope to modify an otherwise unchangeable order.


Simon and GarfunkelApril Come She Will

April, come she will
When streams are ripe and swelled with rain
May, she will stay
Resting in my arms again
June she'll change her tune
In restless walks she'll prowl the night
July, she will fly
And give no warning to her flight
August, die she must
The autumn winds blow chilly and cold
September, I remember
A love once new has now grown old



I ChingI Ching

5. Hsu (Waiting/Nourishment)
The Judgment
Waiting. If you are sincere,
You have light and success.
Perseverance brings good fortune.
It furthers one to cross the great water.
The Image
Clouds rise up to heaven:
The image of Waiting.
Thus the superior man eats and drinks,
Is joyous and of good cheer.


The BeatlesCome Together

He bag production, he got walrus gumboot
He got Ono sideboard, he one spinal cracker
He got feet down below his knees
Hold you in his armchair you can feel his disease
Come together right now over me


Tom WolfeThe Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test

LSD; HOW CAN — NOW THAT THOSE BIG FAT LETTERS ARE babbling out on coated stock from every newsstand ... But this was late 1959, early 1960, a full two years before Mom and Dad and Buddy and Sis heard of the dread letters and clucked because Drs. Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert were french-frying the brains of Harvard boys with it. It was even before Dr. Humphry Osmond had invented the term "psychodelic," which was later amended to "psychedelic" to get rid of the nuthouse connotation of "psycho" ... LSD! It was quite a little secret to have stumbled onto, a hulking supersecret, in fact—the triumph of the guinea pigs! In a short time he and Lovell had tried the whole range of the drugs, LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, peyote, IT290 the superamphetamine, Ditran the bummer, morning-glory seeds.


Claude Levi-StraussTristes Tropiques

Every landscape appears first of all as a vast chaos, which leaves one free to choose the meaning one wants to give it. But, over and above agricultural considerations, geographical irregularities and the various accidents of history and prehistory, the most majestic meaning of all is surely that which precedes, commands and, to a large extent, explains the others. A pale blurred line, or an often almost imperceptible difference in the shape and consistency of rock fragments, are evidence of the fact that two oceans once succeeded each other where, today, I can see nothing but barren soil. As I follow the traces of their age-old stagnation despite all obstacles—sheer cliff faces, landslides, scrub or cultivated land—and disregarding paths and fences, I seem to be proceeding in meaningless fashion. But the sole aim of this contrariness is to recapture the master-meaning, which may be obscure but of which each of the others is a partial or distorted transposition.


Roy HarperThe Same Old Rock

And you try to tell me with consternation
That you have found me a brand new lock
Then you try to warn me that there's only one combination
One new sling – the same old rock.


Annie DillardPilgrim at Tinker Creek

The morning woods were utterly new. A strong yellow light pooled between the trees; my shadow appeared and vanished on the path, since a third of the trees I walked under were still bare, a third spread a luminous haze wherever they grew, and another third blocked the sun with new, whole leaves. The snakes were out—I saw a bright, smashed one on the path—and the butterflies were vaulting and furling about; the phlox was at its peak, and the evergreens looked greener, newly created and washed.


VirgilEclogue V

Mopsus: [...] Where the plump barley-grain so oft we sowed,
There but wild oats and barren darnel spring;
For tender violet and narcissus bright
Thistle and prickly thorn uprear their heads.
Now, O ye shepherds, strew the ground with leaves,
And o'er the fountains draw a shady veil-
So Daphnis to his memory bids be done-
And rear a tomb, and write thereon this verse:
'I, Daphnis in the woods, from hence in fame
Am to the stars exalted, guardian once
Of a fair flock, myself more fair than they.


Alice in WonderlandLewis Carroll

“You’ll get used to it in time,” said the Caterpillar; and it put the hookah into its mouth and began smoking again.
This time Alice waited patiently until it chose to speak again. In a minute or two the Caterpillar took the hookah out of its mouth and yawned once or twice, and shook itself. Then it got down off the mushroom, and crawled away into the grass, merely remarking as it went, “One side will make you grow taller, and the other side will make you grow shorter.”
“One side of what? The other side of what?” thought Alice to herself.
“Of the mushroom,” said the Caterpillar, just as if she had asked it aloud; and in another moment it was out of sight.



Ludwig WittgensteinPhilosophical Investigations

304. “But you will surely admit that there is a difference between pain-behavior accompanied by pain and pain-behavior without any pain?”—Admit it? What greater difference could there be?—“And yet you again and again reach the conclusion that the sensation itself is a nothing.”—Not at all. It is not a something, but not a nothing either! The conclusion was only that a nothing would serve just as well as a something about which nothing could be said. We have only rejected the grammar which tries to force itself on us here.
The paradox disappears only if we make a radical break with the idea that language always functions in one way, always serves the same purpose to convey thoughts—which may be about houses, pains, good and evil, or anything else you please.


Jefferson AirplaneWhite Rabbit

One pill makes you larger, and one pill makes you small
And the ones that mother gives you, don't do anything at all
Go ask Alice, when she's ten feet tall
And if you go chasing rabbits, and you know you're going to fall
Tell 'em a hookah-smoking caterpillar has given you the call
And call Alice, when she was just small
When the men on the chessboard get up and tell you where to go
And you've just had some kind of mushroom, and your mind is moving low
Go ask Alice, I think she'll know
When logic and proportion have fallen sloppy dead
And the white knight is talking backwards
And the red queen's off with her head
Remember what the dormouse said
Feed your head, feed your head



Michel FoucaultThe Birth of the Clinic

IT IS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF CONSCIOUSNESS THAT TRANSFORMS THE SYMPTOM INTO A SIGN. Signs and symptoms are and say the same thing, the only difference being that the sign says the same thing that is precisely the symptom. In its material reality, the sign is identified with the symptom itself; the symptom is the indispensable morphological support of the sign. Hence 'no sign without a symptom'. But what makes the sign a sign belongs not to the symptom, but to an activity that originates elsewhere. Thus `every symptom is a sign' by right, `but not every sign is a symptom' in the sense that the totality of symptoms will never be able to exhaust the reality of the sign. How does this operation occur, which transforms the symptom into a signifying element, and which signifies the disease as precisely as the immediate truth of the symptom?


Jacques DerridaOf Grammatology

This question is therefore not only of Rousseau's writing but also of our reading. We should begin by taking rigorous account of this being held within [prise] or this surprise: the writer writes in a language and in a logic whose proper system, laws, and life his discourse by definition cannot dominate absolutely. He uses them only by letting himself, after a fashion and up to a point, be governed by the system. And the reading must always aim at a certain relationship, unperceived by the writer, between what he commands and what he does not command of the patterns of the language that he uses. This relationship is not a certain quantitative distribution of shadow and light, of weakness or of force, but a signifying structure that critical reading should produce. What does produce mean here? In my attempt to explain that, I would initiate a justification of my principles of reading. A justification, as we shall see, entirely negative, outlining by exclusion a space of reading that I shall not fill here: a task of reading. To produce this signifying structure obviously cannot consist of reproducing, by the effaced and respectful doubling of commentary, the conscious, voluntary, intentional relationship that the writer institutes in his exchanges with the history to which he belongs thanks to the element of language. This moment of doubling commentary should no doubt have its place in a critical reading. To recognize and respect all its classical exigencies is not easy and requires all the instruments of traditional criticism. Without this recognition and this respect, critical production would risk developing in any direction at all and authorize itself to say almost anything. But this indispensable guardrail has always only protected, it has never opened, a reading.


Roland BarthesElements of Semiology

The fact remains that, although Saussure's ideas have made great headway, semiology remains a tentative science. The reason for this may well be simple. Saussure, followed in this by the main semiologists, thought that linguistics merely formed a part of the general science of signs. Now it is far from certain that in the social life of today there are to be found any extensive systems of signs outside human language. Semiology has so far concerned itself with codes of no more than slight interest, such as the Highway Code; the moment we go on to systems where the sociological significance is more than superficial, we are once more confronted with language. it is true that objects, images and patterns of behaviour can signify, and do so on a large scale, but never autonomously; every semiological system has its linguistic admixture. Where there is a visual substance, for example, the meaning is confirmed by being duplicated in a linguistic message (which happens in the case of the cinema, advertising, comic strips, press photography, etc.) so that at least a part of the iconic message is, in terms of structural relationship, either redundant or taken up by the linguistic system.


Thomas WolfeLook Homeward Angel

But the university was a charming, an unforgettable place. It was situated in the little village of Pulpit Hill, in the central midland of the big State. Students came and departed by motor from the dreary tobacco town of Exeter, twelve miles away: the countryside was ray, powerful and ugly, a rolling land of field, wood, and hollow; but the university itself was buried in a pastoral wilderness, on a long tabling butte, which rose steeply above the country. One burst suddenly, at the hill-top, on the end of the straggling village street, flanked by faculty houses, and winding a mile in to the town centre and the university. The central campus sloped back and up over a broad area of rich turf, groved with magnificent ancient trees. A quadrangle of post-Revolutionary buildings of weathered brick bounded the upper end: other newer buildings, in the modern bad manner (the Pedagogic Neo-Greeky), were scattered around beyond the central design: beyond, there was a thickly forested wilderness. There was still a good flavor of the wilderness about the place—one felt its remoteness, its isolated charm. It seemed to Eugene like a provincial outpost of great Rome: the wilderness crept up to it like a beast.
Its great poverty, its century-long struggle in the forest had given the university a sweetness and a beauty it was later to forfeit.


Richard RortyPhilosophy and the Mirror of Nature

We seem to have no doubts that pains, moods, images, and sentences which “flash before the mind,” dreams, hallucinations, beliefs, attitudes, desires, and intentions all count as “mental” whereas the contractions of the stomach which cause the pain, the neural processes which accompany it, and everything else which can be given a firm location within the body count as nonmental. Our unhesitating classification suggests that not only have we a clear intuition of what “mentality” is, but that it has something to do with non-spatiality and with the notion that even if the body were destroyed the mental entities or states might somehow linger on. Even if we discard the notion of “mind-stuff,” even if we drop the notion of res cogitans as a subject of predication, we seem able to distinguish mind from body nonetheless, and to do so in a more or less Cartesian way.


James JoyceUlysses

Must be the cider or perhaps the burgund.
Near bronze from anear near gold from afar they chinked their clinking glasses all, brighteyed and gallant, before bronze Lydia’s tempting last rose of summer, rose of Castile. First Lid, De, Cow, Ker, Doll, a fifth: Lidwell, Si Dedalus, Bob Cowley, Kernan and big Ben Dollard.
Tap. A youth entered a lonely Ormond hall.
Bloom viewed a gallant pictured hero in Lionel Marks’s window. Robert Emmet’s last words. Seven last words. Of Meyerbeer that is.
—True men like you men.
—Ay, ay, Ben.
—Will lift your glass with us.
They lifted.
Tschink. Tschunk.
Tip. An unseeing stripling stood in the door. He saw not bronze. He saw not gold. Nor Ben nor Bob nor Tom nor Si nor George nor tanks nor Richie nor Pat. Hee hee hee hee. He did not see.
Seabloom, greaseabloom viewed last words. Softly. When my country takes her place among.
Prrprr.
Must be the bur.
Fff! Oo. Rrpr.
Nations of the earth. No-one behind. She’s passed. Then and not till then. Tram kran kran kran. Good oppor. Coming. Krandlkrankran. I’m sure it’s the burgund. Yes. One, two. Let my epitaph be. Kraaaaaa. Written. I have.
Pprrpffrrppffff.
Done.


ShakespeareMeasure for Measure

ISABELLA
Could great men thunder
As Jove himself does, Jove would ne'er be quiet,
For every pelting, petty officer
Would use his heaven for thunder;
Nothing but thunder! Merciful Heaven,
Thou rather with thy sharp and sulphurous bolt
Split'st the unwedgeable and gnarled oak
Than the soft myrtle: but man, proud man,
Drest in a little brief authority,
Most ignorant of what he's most assured,
His glassy essence, like an angry ape,
Plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven
As make the angels weep; who, with our spleens,
Would all themselves laugh mortal.


LoveAndmoreagain

And if you'll see Andmoreagain
Then you will know Andmoreagain
For you can see you in her eyes
Then you feel your heart beating
Thrum-pum-pum-pum


CreamWhite Room

In the white room with black curtains near the station
Black roof country, no gold pavements, tired starlings
Silver horses ran down moonbeams in your dark eyes
Dawnlight smiles on you leaving, my contentment
I'll wait in this place where the sun never shines
Wait in this place where the shadows run from themselves


Ken KeseyOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

And Billy, watching the brass brads on that woman’s Levis wink at him as she walked out of the day room, told Ellis to hell with that fisher of men business. He joined us at the door, and the least black boy let us through and locked the door behind us, and we were out, outside. The sun was prying up the clouds and lighting the brick front of the hospital rose bed. A thin breeze worked at sawing what leaves were left from the oak trees, stacking them neatly against the wire cyclone fence. There was little brown birds occasionally on the fence; when a puff of leaves would hit the fence the birds would fly off with the wind. It looked at first like the leaves were hitting the fence and turning into birds and flying away.


John MuirMy First Summer in the Sierras

June 30. Half cloudy, half sunny, clouds lustrous white. The tall pines crowded along the top of the Pilot Peak Ridge look like six-inch miniatures exquisitely outlined on the satiny sky. Average cloudiness for the day about .25. No rain. And so this memorable month ends, a stream of beauty unmeasured, no more to be sectioned off by almanac arithmetic than sun-radiance or the currents of seas and rivers—a peaceful, joyful stream of beauty. Every morning, arising from the death of sleep, the happy plants and all our fellow animal creatures great and small, and even the rocks, seemed to be shouting, “Awake, awake, rejoice, rejoice, come love us and join in our song. Come! Come!” Looking back through the stillness and romantic enchanting beauty and peace of the camp grove, this June seems the greatest of all the months of my life, the most truly, divinely free, boundless like eternity, immortal. Everything in it seems equally divine—one smooth, pure, wild glow of Heaven’s love, never to be blotted or blurred by anything past or to come.


Ludwig WittgensteinPhilosophical Investigations

Suppose someone points to a vase and says "Look at that marvellous blue—the shape isn't the point."—Or: "Look at the marvellous shape— the colour doesn't matter." Without doubt you will do something different when you act upon these two invitations. But do you always do the same thing when you direct your attention to the colour? Imagine various different cases. To indicate a few:
"Is this blue the same as the blue over there? Do you see any difference?"—
You are mixing paint and you say "It's hard to get the blue of this sky."
"It's turning fine, you can already see blue sky again."
"Look what different effects these two blues have."
"Do you see the blue book over there? Bring it here."
"This blue signal-light means . . . ."
"What's this blue called?—Is it 'indigo'?"
You sometimes attend to the colour by putting your hand up to keep the outline from view; or by not looking at the outline of the thing; sometimes by staring at the object and trying to remember where you saw that colour before.


Francis McPeakeWild Mountain Thyme

Oh, the summer time is coming,
And the trees are sweetly blooming,
And the wild mountain thyme
Grows around the blooming heather.
Will ye go, lassie go?


William WordsworthI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.


Aldous HuxleyThe Doors of Perception

I am not so foolish as to equate what happens under the influence of mescalin or of any other drug, prepared or in the future preparable, with the realization of the end and ultimate purpose of human life: Enlightenment, the Beatific Vision. All I am suggesting is that the mescalin experience is what Catholic theologians call "a gratuitous grace," not necessary to salvation but potentially helpful and to be accepted thankfully, if made available. To be shaken out of the ruts of ordinary perception, to be shown for a few timeless hours the outer and the inner world, not as they appear to an animal obsessed with survival or to a human being obsessed with words and notions, but as they are apprehended, directly and unconditionally, by Mind at Large - this is an experience of inestimable value to everyone and especially to the intellectual. For the intellectual is by definition the man for whom, in Goethe's phrase, "the word is essentially fruitful." He is the man who feels that "what we perceive by the eye is foreign to us as such and need not impress us deeply." And yet, though himself an intellectual and one of the supreme masters of language, Goethe did not always agree with his own evaluation of the word. "We talk," he wrote in middle life, "far too much. We should talk less and draw more. I personally should like to renounce speech altogether and, like organic Nature, communicate everything I have to say in sketches. That fig tree, this little snake, the cocoon on my window sill quietly awaiting its future - all these are momentous signatures. A person able to decipher their meaning properly would soon be able to dispense with the written or the spoken word altogether. The more I think of it, there is something futile, mediocre, even (I am tempted to say) foppish about speech. By contrast, how the gravity of Nature and her silence startle you, when you stand face to face with her, undistracted, before a barren ridge or in the desolation of the ancient hills." We can never dispense with language and the other symbol systems; for it is by means of them, and only by their means, that we have raised ourselves above the brutes, to the level of human beings. But we can easily become the victims as well as the beneficiaries of these systems. We must learn how to handle words effectively; but at the same time we must preserve and, if necessary, intensify our ability to look at the world directly and not through that half opaque medium of concepts, which distorts every given fact into the all too familiar likeness of some generic label or explanatory abstraction.


Gilles Deleuze and Felix GuattariA Thousand Plateaus

The point is that a rhizome or multiplicity never allows itself to be overcoded, never has available a supplementary dimension over and above its number of lines, that is, over and above the multiplicity of numbers attached to those lines. All multiplicities are flat, in the sense that they fill or occupy all of their dimensions: we will therefore speak of a plane of consistency of multiplicities, even though the dimensions of this "plane" increase with the number of connections that are made on it. Multiplicities are defined by the outside: by the abstract line, the line of flight or deterritorialization according to which they change in nature and connect with other multiplicities.


Lao TzuTao te Ching

The supreme good is like water,
which nourishes all things without trying to.
It is content with the low places that people disdain.
Thus it is like the Tao.


Aldous HuxleyThe Doors of Perception

Istigkeit - wasn't that the word Meister Eckhart liked to use? "Is-ness." The Being of Platonic philosophy - except that Plate seems to have made the enormous, the grotesque mistake of separating Being from becoming and identifying it with the mathematical abstraction of the Idea. He could never, poor fellow, have seen a bunch of flowers shining with their own inner light and all but quivering under the pressure of the significance with which they were charged; could never have perceived that what rose and iris and carnation so intensely signified was nothing more, and nothing less, than what they were - a transience that was yet eternal life, a perpetual perishing that was at the same time pure Being, a bundle of minute, unique particulars in which, by some unspeakable and yet self-evident paradox, was to be seen the divine source of all existence.


Friedrich NietzscheThus Spoke Zarathustra

-O my animals, answered Zarathustra, talk on thus and let me listen! It refreshes me so to hear your talk: where there is talk, there is the world as a garden to me.
How charming it is that there are words and tones; are not words and tones rainbows and seeming bridges between the eternally separated?
To each soul belongs another world; to each soul is every other soul a back-world.
Among the most alike does semblance deceive most delightfully: for the smallest gap is most difficult to bridge over.
For me - how could there be an outside-of-me? There is no outside! But this we forget on hearing tones; how delightful it is that we forget!
Have not names and tones been given to things that man may refresh himself with them? It is a beautiful folly, speaking; therewith dances man over everything.
How lovely is all speech and all falsehoods of tones! With tones dances our love on variegated rainbows.-
-"O Zarathustra," said then his animals, "to those who think like us, things all dance themselves: they come and hold out the hand and laugh and flee - and return.
Everything goes, everything returns; eternally rolls the wheel of existence. Everything dies, everything blossoms forth again; eternally runs on the year of existence.
Everything breaks, everything is integrated anew; eternally builds itself the same house of existence. All things separate, all things again greet one another; eternally true to itself remains the ring of existence.
Every moment begins existence, around every 'Here' rolls the ball 'There.' The middle is everywhere. Crooked is the path of eternity."-


John DenverAnnie's Song

You fill up my senses
Like a night in a forest
Like the mountains in springtime
Like a walk in the rain
Like a storm in the desert
Like a sleepy blue ocean
You fill up my senses
Come fill me again.


Robert FrostThe Road Not Taken

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same [...]


William FaulknerAs I Lay Dying

When I used to sleep with Vardaman I had a nightmare once I thought I was awake but I couldn’t see and couldn’t feel I couldn’t feel the bed under me and I couldn’t think what I was I couldn’t think of my name I couldn’t even think I am a girl I couldn’t even think I nor even think I want to wake up nor remember what was opposite to awake so I could do that I knew that something was passing but I couldn’t even think of time then all of a sudden I knew that something was it was wind blowing over me it was like the wind came and blew me back from where it was I was not blowing the room and Vardaman asleep and all of them back under me again and going on like apiece of cool silk dragging across my naked legs. It blows cool out of the pines, a sad steady sound. New Hope. Was 3 mi. Was 3 mi. I believe in God I believe in God.


Aldous HuxleyThe Doors of Perception

I am not so foolish as to equate what happens under the influence of mescalin or of any other drug, prepared or in the future preparable, with the realization of the end and ultimate purpose of human life: Enlightenment, the Beatific Vision. All I am suggesting is that the mescalin experience is what Catholic theologians call "a gratuitous grace," not necessary to salvation but potentially helpful and to be accepted thankfully, if made available. To be shaken out of the ruts of ordinary perception, to be shown for a few timeless hours the outer and the inner world, not as they appear to an animal obsessed with survival or to a human being obsessed with words and notions, but as they are apprehended, directly and unconditionally, by Mind at Large - this is an experience of inestimable value to everyone and especially to the intellectual. For the intellectual is by definition the man for whom, in Goethe's phrase, "the word is essentially fruitful." He is the man who feels that "what we perceive by the eye is foreign to us as such and need not impress us deeply." And yet, though himself an intellectual and one of the supreme masters of language, Goethe did not always agree with his own evaluation of the word. "We talk," he wrote in middle life, "far too much. We should talk less and draw more. I personally should like to renounce speech altogether and, like organic Nature, communicate everything I have to say in sketches. That fig tree, this little snake, the cocoon on my window sill quietly awaiting its future - all these are momentous signatures. A person able to decipher their meaning properly would soon be able to dispense with the written or the spoken word altogether. The more I think of it, there is something futile, mediocre, even (I am tempted to say) foppish about speech. By contrast, how the gravity of Nature and her silence startle you, when you stand face to face with her, undistracted, before a barren ridge or in the desolation of the ancient hills." We can never dispense with language and the other symbol systems; for it is by means of them, and only by their means, that we have raised ourselves above the brutes, to the level of human beings. But we can easily become the victims as well as the beneficiaries of these systems. We must learn how to handle words effectively; but at the same time we must preserve and, if necessary, intensify our ability to look at the world directly and not through that half opaque medium of concepts, which distorts every given fact into the all too familiar likeness of some generic label or explanatory abstraction.


William FaulknerLight in August

The brother worked in the mill. All the men in the village worked in the mill or for it. It was cutting pine. It had been there seven years and in seven years more it would destroy all the timber within its reach. Then some of the machinery and most of the men who ran it and existed because of and for it would be loaded onto freight cars and moved away. But some of the machinery would be left, since new pieces could always be bought on the installment plan—gaunt, staring, motionless wheels rising from mounds of brick rubble and ragged weeds with a quality profoundly astonishing, and gutted boilers lifting their rusting and unsmoking stacks with an air stubborn, baffled and bemused upon a stumppocked scene of profound and peaceful desolation, unplowed, untilled, gutting slowly into red and choked ravines beneath the long quiet rains of autumn and the galloping fury of vernal equinoxes. Then the hamlet which at its best day had borne no name listed on Postoffice Department annals would not now even be remembered by the hookwormridden heir-sat-large who pulled the buildings down and buried them in cookstoves and winter grates.


Virginia WoolfMrs. Dalloway

Men must not cut down trees. There is a God. (He noted such revelations on the backs of envelopes.) Change the world. No one kills from hatred. Make it known (he wrote it down). He waited. He listened. A sparrow perched on the railing opposite chirped Septimus, Septimus, four or five times over and went on, drawing its notes out, to sing freshly and piercingly in Greek words how there is no crime and, joined by another sparrow, they sang in voices prolonged and piercing in Greek words, from trees in the meadow of life beyond a river where the dead walk, how there is no death.


Jaques DerridaOf Grammatology

In that Tristes Tropiques which is at the same time The Confessions and a sort of supplement to the Supplement au voyage de Bougainville, * the " Writing Lesson" marks an episode of what may be called the anthropological war, the essential confrontation that opens communication between peoples and cultures, even when that communication is not practiced under the banner of colonial or missionary oppression. The entire " Writing Lesson" is recounted in the tones of violence repressed or deferred, a violence sometimes veiled, but always oppressive and heavy. Its weight is felt in various places and various moments of the narrative : in Levi-Strauss's account as in the relationship among individuals and among groups, among cultures or within the same community. What can a relationship to writing signify in these diverse instances of violence?
Penetration in the case of the Nambikwara. The anthropologist's affection for those to whom he devoted one of his dissertations, La vie familiale et sociale des Indiens Nambikwara (1948) . Penetration, therefore, into "the lost world" of the Nambikwara, "the little bands of nomads, who are among the most genuinely 'primitive' of the world's peoples" on "a territory the size of France," traversed by a picada (a crude trail whose "track" is "not easily distinguished from the bush" [po 262]; one should meditate upon all of the following together: writing as the possibility of the road and of difference, the history of writing and the history of the road, of the rupture, of the via rupta, of the path that is broken, beaten, fracta, of the space of reversibility and of repetition traced by the opening, the divergence from, and the violent spacing, of nature, of the natural, savage, salvage, forest. The silva is savage, the via rupta is written, discerned, and inscribed violently as difference, as form imposed on the hyle, in the forest, in wood as matter; it is difficult. to imagine that access to the possibility of a road-map is not at the same time access to writing).


Gary SnyderOf The Wild Mushroom

We set out in the forest
To seek the wild mushroom
In shapes diverse and colorful
Shining through the woodland gloom.

If you look under oak trees
Or around an old pine stump
You'll know a mushroom's coming
By the way the leaves are humped.

They send out multiple fibers
Through the roots and sod

Some make you mighty sick they say
Or bring you close to God.


Rodgers and HammersteinDo-Re-Mi

doe, a deer, a female deer
(Re!) ray, a drop of golden sun
(Mi!) me, a name I call myself
(Fa!) far, a long, long way to run
(So!) sew, a needle pulling thread
(La!) la, a note to follow so
(Ti!) tea, a drink with jam and bread
That will bring us back to do oh oh oh


Jacques DerridaThe Animal That Therefore I Am

I decline all responsibility. I respond no more, I no more answer for what I am saying. I reply that I am no longer responding. If autobiography were at least a genre, in the sense of an exercise fortified with all the assurances that a centuries-old institution can guarantee, you could right now recognize in that institution of the so-called ‘‘autobiographical’’ genre a signal merit: that of permitting whomever speaks of himself to find refuge—in order to decline all responsibility and all onus of proof— behind the artificial authority of a genre, behind the right to a genre whose literary pedigree, as we well know, remains problematic. It will, as we say, have caused much ink to flow. Discharged of every onus of proof, pure autobiography authorizes either veracity or mendacity, but always in accordance with a scene of witnessing, that is to say, an ‘‘I am telling you the truth’’ without shame, bareback, naked and raw [a` nu et a` cru]. As if, in speaking of oneself, I, me, my self were speaking of another, were quoting another, or as if I were speaking of an ‘‘I’’ in general, naked and raw. With these words, ‘‘naked and raw,’’ I have just seen an animal pass. Looking at me without blinkers. A mounted animal, like a horse, raw, naked down to its body hair [a` poil]. The French expression—monter un cheval a` poil, ‘‘to mount a horse bareback,’’ that is, raw and without a saddle—is barely translatable.


Allan WattsThe Book on the Taboo against knowing who you are

To sum up: just as no thing or organism exists on its own, it does not act on its own. Furthermore, every organism is a process: thus the organism is not other than its actions. To put it clumsily: it is what it does. More precisely, the organism, including its behavior, is a process which is to be understood only in relation to the larger and longer process of its environment. For what we mean by "understanding" or "comprehension" is seeing how parts fit into a whole, and then realizing that they don't compose the whole, as one assembles a jigsaw puzzle, but that the whole is a pattern, a complex wiggliness, which has no separate parts. Parts are fictions of language, of the calculus of looking at the world through a net which seems to chop it up into bits. Parts exist only for purposes of figuring and describing, and as we figure the world out we become confused if we do not remember this all the time.


Samuel BeckettWaiting for Godot

ESTRAGON: Charming spot. (He turns, advances to front, halts facing auditorium.) Inspiring prospects. (He turns to Vladimir.) Let's go.
VLADIMIR: We can't.
ESTRAGON: Why not?
VLADIMIR: We're waiting for Godot.
ESTRAGON: (despairingly). Ah! (Pause.) You're sure it was here?
VLADIMIR: What?
ESTRAGON: That we were to wait.
VLADIMIR: He said by the tree. (They look at the tree.) Do you see any others?
ESTRAGON: What is it?
VLADIMIR: I don't know. A willow.
ESTRAGON: Where are the leaves?
VLADIMIR: It must be dead.
ESTRAGON: No more weeping.
VLADIMIR: Or perhaps it's not the season.
ESTRAGON: Looks to me more like a bush.
VLADIMIR: A shrub.
ESTRAGON: A bush.
VLADIMIR: A—. What are you insinuating? That we've come to the wrong place?
ESTRAGON: He should be here.
VLADIMIR: He didn't say for sure he'd come.
ESTRAGON: And if he doesn't come?
VLADIMIR: We'll come back tomorrow.
ESTRAGON: And then the day after tomorrow.
VLADIMIR: Possibly.
ESTRAGON: And so on.
VLADIMIR: The point is—
ESTRAGON: Until he comes.


The ByrdsWasn't Born to Follow

I’d rather go and journey
Where the diamond crescents glowing,
And run across the valley
Beneath the sacred mountain
And wander through the forest
Where the trees have leaves of prisms
And break the light in colors
That no one knows the names of.


Joni MitchellBoth Sides Now

Rows and flows of angel hair
And ice cream castles in the air
And feather canyons everywhere
Looked at clouds that way
But now they only block the sun
They rain and they snow on everyone
So many things I would have done
But clouds got in my way.


Walt WhitmanGive me the Splendid Silent Sun

[...] Give me to warble spontaneous songs, reliev'd, recluse
by myself, for my own ears only;
Give me solitude—give me Nature—give me again,
O Nature, your primal sanities! [...]


Ludwig WittgensteinTractatus Logico-Philosophicus

5.6
The limits of my language mean the limits of my world. 5.61
Logic fills the world: the limits of the world are also its limits.
We cannot therefore say in logic: This and this there is in the world, that there is not.
For that would apparently presuppose that we exclude certain possibilities, and this cannot be the case since otherwise logic must get outside the limits of the world: that is, if it could consider these limits from the other side also.
What we cannot think, that we cannot think: we cannot therefore say what we cannot think.


VirgilThe Georgics

Spring benefits the leaves of the groves and woods,
in Spring soil swells and demands life-bringing seed.
Then Heaven, the omnipotent father, descends as fertile rain,
into the lap of his joyful consort, and joining his power
to her vast body nourishes all growth.
Then the wild thickets echo to the songs of birds,
and in the settled days the cattle renew their loves:
the kindly earth gives birth, and the fields open their hearts,
in the warm West winds: gentle moisture flows everywhere,
and the grasses safely dare to trust to the new sun.


Ludwig WittgensteinTractatus Logico-Philosophicus

6.54 My propositions serve as elucidations in the following way: anyone who understand me eventually recognizes them as nonsensical, when he has used them—as steps—to climb up beyond them. (He must, so to speak, throw away the ladder after he has climbed up it.)
He must transcend these propositions, and then he will see the world aright.
7 What we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence.
[End]


Henri BergsonCreative Evolution

But, as our attention has distinguished and separated them artificially, it is obliged next to reunite them by an artificial bond. It imagines, therefore, a formless ego, indifferent and unchangeable, on which it threads the psychic states which it has set up as independent entities. Instead of a flux of fleeting shades merging into each other, it perceives distinct and, so to speak, solid colors, set side by side like the beads of a necklace; it must perforce then suppose a thread, also itself solid, to hold the beads together. But if this colorless substratum is perpetually colored by that which covers it, it is for us, in its indeterminateness, as if it did not exist, since we only perceive what is colored, or, in other words, psychic states.


Thomas MannThe Magic Mountain

What is time? A secret—insubstantial and omnipotent. A prerequisite of the external world, a motion intermingled and fused with bodies existing and moving in space. But would there be no time, if there were no motion? No motion, if there were no time? What a question! Is time a function of space? Or vice versa? Or are the two identical? An even bigger question! Time is active, by nature it is much like a verb, it both “ripens” and “brings forth.” And what does it bring forth? Change! Now is not then, here is not there—for in both cases motion lies in between. But since we measure time by a circular motion closed in on itself, we could just as easily say that its motion and change are rest and stagnation—for the then is constantly repeated in the now, the there in the here. Moreover, since, despite our best desperate attempts, we cannot imagine an end to time or a finite border around space, we have decided to “think” of them as eternal and infinite—in the apparent belief that even if we are not totally successful, this marks some improvement. But does not the very positing of eternity and infinity imply the logical, mathematical negation of things limited and finite, their relative reduction to zero? Is a sequence of events possible in eternity, a juxtaposition of objects in infinity? How does our makeshift assumption of eternity and infinity square with concepts like distance, motion, change, or even the very existence of a finite body in space? Now there’s a real question for you!


Gilles Deleuze and Felix GuattariDifference and Repetition

As for the third time in which the future appears, this signifies that the event and the act possess a secret coherence which excludes that of the self; that they turn back against the self which has become their equal and smash it to pieces, as though the bearer of the new world were carried away and dispersed by the shock of the multiplicity to which it gives birth: what the self has become equal to is the unequal in itself. In this manner, the I which is fractured according to the order of time and the Self which is divided according to the temporal series correspond and find a common descendant in the man without name, without family, without qualities, without self or I, the 'plebeian' guardian of a secret, the already-Overman whose scattered members gravitate around the sublime image. All is repetition in the temporal series, in relation to this symbolic image. The past itself is repetition by default, and it prepares this other repetition constituted by the metamorphosis in the present. Historians sometimes look for empirical correspondences between the present and the past, but however rich it may be, this network of historical correspondences involves repetition only by analogy or similitude. In truth, the past is in itself repetition, as is the present, but they are repetition in two different modes which repeat each other. Repetition is never a historical fact, but rather the historical condition under which something new is effectively produced. It is not the historian's reflection which demonstrates a resemblance between Luther and Paul, between the Revolution of 1789 and the Roman Republic, etc. Rather, it is in the first place for themselves that the revolutionaries are determined to lead their lives as 'resuscitated Romans', before becoming capable of the act which they have begun by repeating in the mode of a proper past, therefore under conditions such that they necessarily identify with a figure from the historical past. Repetition is a condition of action before it is a concept of reflection. We produce something new only on condition that we repeat - once in the mode which constitutes the past, and once more in the present of metamorphosis. Moreover, what is produced, the absolutely new itself, is in turn nothing but repetition: the third repetition, this time by excess, the repetition of the future as eternal return. For even though the doctrine of eternal return may be expounded as though it affected the whole series or the totality of time, the past and the present no less than the future, such an exposition remains purely introductory. It has no more than a problematic and indeterminate value, no function beyond that of posing the problem of eternal return. Eternal return, in its esoteric truth, concerns - and can concern - only the third time of the series. Only there is it determined. That is why it is properly called a belief of the future, a belief in the future. Eternal return affects only the new, what is produced under the condition of default and by the intermediary of metamorphosis. However, it causes neither the condition nor the agent to return: on the contrary, it repudiates these and expels them with all its centrifugal force. It constitutes the autonomy of the product, the independence of the work. It is repetition by excess which leaves intact nothing of the default or the becoming-equal. It is itself the new, complete novelty. It is by itself the third time in the series, the future as such.


Henri BergsonCreative Evolution

In short, the world the mathematician deals with is a world that dies and is reborn at every instant—the world which Descartes was thinking of when he spoke of continued creation. But, in time thus conceived, how could evolution, which is the very essence of life, ever take place? Evolution implies a real persistence of the past in the present, a duration which is, as it were, a hyphen, a connecting link. In other words, to know a living being or natural system is to get at the very interval of duration, while the knowledge of an artificial or mathematical system applies only to the extremity.


Roland BarthesThe Death of the Author

Let us return to Balzac’s sentence: no one (that is, no “person”) utters it: its source, its voice is not to be located; and yet it is perfectly read; this is because the true locus of writing is reading. Another very specific example can make this understood: recent investigations (J. P. Vernant) have shed light upon the constitutively ambiguous nature of Greek tragedy, the text of which is woven with words that have double meanings, each character understanding them unilaterally (this perpetual misunderstanding is precisely what is meant by “the tragic”); yet there is someone who understands each word in its duplicity, and understands further, one might say, the very deafness of the characters speaking in front of him: this someone is precisely the reader (or here the spectator). In this way is revealed the whole being of writing: a text consists of multiple writings, issuing from several cultures and entering into dialogue with each other, into parody, into contestation; but there is one place where this multiplicity is collected, united, and this place is not the author, as we have hitherto said it was, but the reader: the reader is the very space in which are inscribed, without any being lost, all the citations a writing consists of; the unity of a text is not in its origin, it is in its destination; but this destination can no longer be personal: the reader is a man without history, without biography, without psychology; he is only that someone who holds gathered into a single field all the paths of which the text is constituted. This is why it is absurd to hear the new writing condemned in the name of a humanism which hypocritically appoints itself the champion of the reader’s rights. The reader has never been the concern of classical criticism; for it, there is no other man in literature but the one who writes. We are now beginning to be the dupes no longer of such antiphrases, by which our society proudly champions precisely what it dismisses, ignores, smothers or destroys; we know that to restore to writing its future, we must reverse its myth: the birth of the reader must be ransomed by the death of the Author.


Aaron CoplandAppalachian Spring

Instrumental